技术转让与跨国公司的技术领先

Technological Transfer and Technological Leadership of Multi-national Corporations

作为要素流动的一种形式, 技术转让主要由发达国家流向发展中国家。发达企业或国家从技术转让中得到什么、为何要控制技术转让, 为什么发展中国家与发达国家之间的技术差距没有缩小, 该文对这些问题予以了解释。有关结论包括: 技术领先企业或国家转让的受限技术伴随着受让国在前者国内市场直接投资所获利润下降且受让国国内市场利润无明显变化的结果; 发达企业或国家享有在国内外市场较高的本国生产要素的就业量、利润总额以及可供战略使用的技术转让主动权等巨大优势。

As a form of factor movement, technological transfer mainly flows from developed countries to developing ones. This paper explains what a developed corporation or a country can obtain from technological transfer, the reason why it has to control its technological transfer, and the reason why the technological gap between developing and developed countries does not narrow. It reveals the fact that restricted technological transfer from a corporation or a country with superior technology coexists with reduction of the profit from foreign direct investment of the transferee in the domestic market of the transferor and no explicit effect on the profit from its own home market; contrarily, benefit for a corporation or a country with advanced technology is substantial due to enjoying higher employment of its domestic productive factors, higher total profit level in both home and foreign markets and the grasp of the initiative of technological transfer which can be strategically used.