影响农村晚期血吸虫病患者防治因素的访谈调查

In-depth interviews on late stage schistosomiasis patients about factors related to prevention and treatment in the rural areas

目的 探索影响现阶段晚期血吸虫病防治 (血防 )的相关因素。方法 采用偶遇抽样和判断抽样的方法 ,在洞庭湖区抽取 6 1例晚期血吸虫病患者分别进行访谈调查。结果 影响晚期血吸虫病防治的因素为患者社会支持程度较高 (6 1/ 6 1) ,缺乏个人应对自己的健康负责任的观念 ,血防知识知晓率偏低 (2 8/ 6 1)、年龄偏大 (5 7.4 0岁± 10 .0 8岁 )、受教育程度低 (4.70年 )、家庭收入较低、社会缺乏有效的医疗保障系统和缺乏高效的“接近患者系统”。结论 防治晚期血吸虫病需要患者个人、卫生机构和社会的积极参与。加强对疫区居民的血吸虫病健康教育 ,强化其血防意识和对自己的健康负责任的观念 ,建立健全疫区医疗保障体系、农村公共卫生体系和重大疾病救治体系 ,提高农村卫生系统的反应能力和居民卫生服务的可及性。

Objective To explore factors related to current prevention and treatment of Advanced cases on schistosomiasis. Methods In-depth interviews were introduced to the qualitative study on 61 Advenced cases of schistosomiasis in Dongting Lake regions. Sampling was accidentally and judgmentally performed. Results Related factors on prevention and treatment of Advenced cases of schistosomiasis would include: higher degree of social support for patients(61/61), excessive dependence on the past pattern of schistosomiasis control, lack of the idea that one should be responsible for his/her own health, lack of knowledge about prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis(28/61), older age( 57.40± 10.80), lower education( 4.70 years), less family income, lack of effective medical insurance system and efficient close-to-client system. Conclusion Active participation from patients, medical institutions and society was needed to control Late Stage Schistosomiasis. Health education campaign should be intensified to improve the health awareness for schistosomiasis among residents in the heavy endemic areas. Medical insurance system should be set up in epidemic areas, while public health and cure systems for important diseases should be intensified in rural areas. The ability of public health system to be responsive and the accessibility of residents to health service system should be improved in rural areas as well.