经掌侧入路治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折疗效分析

The clinical study for the treatment of unstable distal radius fractures via volar approach

目的总结经掌侧入路治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的效果,探讨桡骨远端不稳定骨折快捷、有效、并发症少的手术治疗方法.方法经掌侧入路治疗129例(140侧)桡骨远端不稳定骨折,男77例,女52例;年龄15～76岁,平均43.7岁.按照Cooney通用分类法,Ⅱ型骨折36侧,Ⅲ型7侧,Ⅳ型97侧.新鲜骨折105侧,陈旧骨折35侧.在'C'型臂X线机透视下,经关节外复位,恢复掌倾角和尺偏角,108侧有明显骨缺损者同时植入人工骨或自体骨.采用单纯'T'形钢板螺钉内固定32侧,'T'形钢板螺钉加克氏针内固定57侧,单纯带关节外固定架固定13侧,带关节外固定架加克氏针固定38侧.结果术后功能恢复时间2～6个月,平均3.8个月.随访12～40个月,平均23.6个月.优91侧,良38侧,可10侧,差1侧,远期优良率92.1%.结论经掌侧入路治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的优点:(1)手术损伤相对小,不影响桡骨远端的骨性及腱鞘结构;(2)桡骨掌侧面平坦,易于操作;(3)手术操作不进入关节,不损伤掌侧韧带结构,有利于术后关节功能恢复;(4)复位效果好;(5)植骨不会漏入背侧软组织中;(6)手术时间短,术后并发症少,可早期开始功能锻炼,功能恢复快.经掌侧入路治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折,采用内、外固定均可.

Objective To summarize the outcome of volar approach for unstable distal radius fractures, as well as to explore and discuss the more prompt and efficient way with less complications. Methods Volar approach was used for unstable distal radius fractures in 129 cases (140 sides). This study involved 77 males and 52 females with an average age of 43.7 years (range, 15-76 years). According to the Coony universal classification, 36 sides were of type Ⅱ, 7 of type Ⅲ and 97 of type Ⅳ, which included 105 sides of fresh fracture and 35 old ones. Extra-articular reduction was performed under C-arm to restore the palm tilted angle and ulna deviated angle. For those with severe bone defect, artificial bone graft or auto-graft was applied. T-plates were fixed in 32 sides, T-plates with K-wires in 57, external fixators in 13, external fixators with K-wires in 38 respectively. Results The functional recovery was achieved at 3.8 months averagely after operation with a range of 2 to 6 months. The mean follow-up period was 23.6 months ( range, 12-40 months). 91 sides were rated as excellent, 38 as good, 10 fair and 1 poor. The long-term excellent-good rate was 92.1%. Conclusion The volar approach for unstable distal radius fractures has the following advantages: 1)less invasive without compromise to the bone and tendon sheath of distal radius; 2)The volar surface of radius is smooth , easier for plating; 3)no injury to the palmer ligaments and better for recovery; 4)better reduction; 5)avoidance of bone graft displacement; 6) shorten the operation time, less post-operative complication, earlier rehabilitation and faster functional recovery. The volar approach for unstable distal radius fractures is suitable either for internal or external fixation.