世界苹果产业发展趋势分析

Analysis of the development trend of the world apple industry

主要分析了国内外苹果产业科研、生产及贸易的发展形势。中国苹果产量占世界的35.4%,而发达国家占41.4%;世界年人均苹果消费量8.2kg,呈下降趋势;世界苹果贸易量保持在500万t左右,呈增加趋势,中国苹果出口的主要竞争对手是发达国家;中国2002-2003年度出口鲜苹果44万t,苹果浓缩汁41.7万t,实现了较大突破。世界苹果品种结构发生较大变化,富士苹果成为第一品种,占20.9%,其次是元帅系、金冠系、嘎拉、青苹和乔纳金。新品种育种已经成为引领苹果产业发展的动力并成长为一项产业。发达国家普遍推行IFP苹果生产综合管理体系,提高品质,注重食品安全,开发多样化产品是促进苹果消费的要点;标准化、组织化、市场化是发达国家完善苹果产业化必不可少的要素;科技创新是支撑苹果产业健康发展的动力。

This article mainly analyses the worldwide situation of apple production, trade and scientific research and the developing trend. In 2003, the apple output in China amounted to 35.4% of worldwide apple production, while the apple production in the developed countries amounted to 41.4%. The apple consumption in the world is declining to 8.2 kg per capita, while the international apple trade has ascending trend, keeping about 5 million ton annually. The developed countries are our competitors for apple export. In 2002 to 2003,China had exported apples of 440 thousand ton and concentrated apple juice of 417 thousand ton. Today the grown apple cultivar structure has been greatly changed, Fuji became the first cultivar in the world, its production was around 20.9% of the total apple production and the rest are Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold. New cultivar breeding drives the development of apple production. The IFP (Integrated fruit production) system of apple production has been widely promoted in developed countries. Quality improvement, health and safety, and diversity of apple product became the essentials to promote apple consumption. Standardization, organization and marketing are the essential ways to achieve apple industrialization, science and technology innovation is the dynamics to apple industry development.