现象与意象:近现代时期北京城市的文学感知

Urban Realism and Image of Modern Beijing from Literature Perception

本文从行为地理学和人本主义地理学的思路出发 ,引用常见的对近现代北京城的文学描述 ,对城市地理现象与城市意象进行了列举和分析。在市政建设、城市地标及若干地段认知等方面比较了意象与现象的差异及形成原因 ,分析了近现代北京城市意象的若干显著特征。指出准确理解并利用北京城市意象在“历史文化名城”保护实践中的重要意义。认为大多数市民和游客对北京这座历史文化名城的认识更多地来自老舍、梁思成、侯仁之等权威人物建立的城市意象 ,一方面又来自城市内部现实的文化遗存、客观历史记录和学者的研究结论。

This paper selects several typical literature descriptions from famous writers such as Lao She, to analysis the characteristics of urban image of modern Beijing, in the aspects of municipal construction, the landmarks of modern city, the cognition difference to the urban internal sectors. With the abundant texts, the author believe that the image of modern Beijing is the records of perception, feeling and moods from several writers, in addition to the reality materials and faithful municipal documents.The literature selected here, such as Beijing: in modern writing, Old Beijing: in writer's mind, Beijing: the city of mind, the old stories of cultural capital, etc, are well-seller and available for popular reading. The ideas pass down to present is that the old Bejing experienced the municipal improvement, the city gates of Tian'an'men, Qian'men, became landmarks and traffic node of modern city. The daily life of BeJing citizens was ease, and relaxes. The city, with grand wall around and magnificent Forbidden City in the center, was honored celestial city or urban in heaven, while the reality was far than literature fantasy.The main reason of creating such urban image, the author believe, is that BeJing was the representation of Chinese city with traditional culture reflection, with contrast to modern city with western civilization. So the eulogy towards the city with actual resplendence landscape was deserved, and came down as modern urban image of BeJing.