张之洞与晚清学部

Zhang Zhidong and the Late Qing Board of Education

190 7年至 190 9年张之洞以军机大臣管理学部 ,直接负责清末兴学国策的制定与实行。在他的主持下 ,学部于积极推动普通和实业教育的同时 ,提倡保存国粹 ,继续奖励学堂出身 ,办事方针出现从锐进而缓行、由创新而复古的变化。透过各种错综复杂的关系 ,可见湖北与直隶的门户立异和人脉渊源 ,对中央教育行政的决策乃至近代教育发展的进程与样态影响至为深远。

During the years 1907-1909, Zhang Zhidong administered the Board of Education, in the capacity of Grand Minister of the State. Under his guidance, while actively pushing for the development of general and industrial education, the Board advocated the preservation of the national quintessence and continued to encourage young people to seek advancement through school education. The Boards policies went from radical to moderate and from innovation to a reversion to ancient ways. By examining the complex and confusing relations between the officials involved, one can see the differences between the Hubei and Zhili factions, and their origins in terms of personal interests. They had a far reaching influence on the policy decisions of the central government in relation to education, and even on the development of modern education in China.