消费品说明中警示信息有效性的工效学研究(Ⅰ)——警示信息对消费者危险感受与商品危险性之间关系的影响

An Ergonomic Study on the Effect of Warnings in Consumer Product Instructions Effect of Warnings on the Relationship Between Perceived and Objective Hazard

该研究采用问卷法，通过对３０种消费品的调查，分析了消费者对消费品说明中警示信息的阅读倾向性，消费者的危险感受、消费者安全使用商品的自信度、遵守警示信息的可能性、主观危险估计和客观危险性这几项因素之间的关系。结果表明：消费者的危险感受与阅读警示信息的倾向性、遵守警告的要求之间存在高度的一致性；且与自信度呈负相关，所以可以通过研究消费者的危险感受来研究警示信息的有效性；消费者的危险感受、主观危险估计常与商品的客观危险性不一致，所以必须采取一些措施来矫正消费者的危险感受。

By means of 30 consumer products, an inquiry method was conducted to investigate the relationship among the willingness to read,the perceived hazards,the confidence of safely use,the probabillty of compiciance,appraised hazards and obiective hazards.The results showed that the perceivde hazards was highly correlated with willingness to read and the compliance probabity and those all negetively carrelated with the confidence of safely use.So the study of the effect of warnings can be carried out through the study of perceived hazards.Furthmore ,the objective hazard was not consistent with the perceived hazard and the appraised hazard.It meant some measures must be taken to correct the perceived hazard so that warnings can give full play to safety and protection.