单雌蓖麻遗传与利用研究 Ⅰ单雌特性遗传规律

Genetics and Utilization of Pistillate Castor I The Genetic Law of Pistillate Trait

以不同交配方式对蓖麻单雌特性的遗传规律进行了定性研究。结果表明,单雌特性属核型隐性遗传,受一组具有重叠作用的基因所控制,其单雌表达需该组基因的多数累积和纯合,雌株也可为部分杂合基因型。提出“两型雌性系辅助去雄两系法”、“可逆全雌系人工诱导两系法”及“可逆全雌系临时保持三系法”三种不同层次的模式实现杂种优势利用。已育成汾蓖2号等组合进入区域试验。新疆等地引种试验结果,汾蓖2号增产达45.4%～77.2%。

A qualititive research on the genetic laws of the pistillate trait in castor was made in differ- ent crossing ways.It was revealed that the pistillate trait is controlled by a group of recessive nuclear genes.the genotype of pistillate plants is homozygous or partial heterozygous.The performence of the pistillate trait needs the accumulation of most genes which are homozygous.Three models of heterosis utilization in different levels were put foward as follows:(1)paternal and maternal two-line method by artificial emusculaton in the pistillate line with two types of plants;(2)the two-line method by us- ing reversible entire pistillate line that it is possible to produce male flowers by artificial inducement; (3)three-line method by using reversible entire pistillate line that can be maintained temporarily.A hybrid FENYANG castor NO.2 had been bred and was grown in regional test.Introduction test showed that the yield of the FENYANG castor NO.2 increased by 45.4%～77.2% over control in Yonghe county in Shanxi and Xinjiang Automous Region.