瘠薄旱地玉米增产与培肥体系研究

A study on the Pattern of Increasing in Yield and Fertilizing for Maize in Barren and Dry Area

1989～1990年研究结果认为,瘠薄旱地在本试验条件下亩产值与投入资金呈极显著正相关(r=0.879(?),n=8),并依投入金额呈线性关系,其回归方程为 y=32.09+5.22x;亩产子粒重与植株总干物重呈极显著正相关(r=0.955(?),n=8),并依总干物重呈线性关系,其回归方程为 y=—144.59+0.73x。试验指出,秸秆覆盖和免耕、少耕结合有提高土壤保墒蓄水作用,播种期0～10cm 土壤含水量比对照高36.9%～63.9%,抽雄至灌浆期,0～50cm 土壤储水比对照高10.5%～13.0%。有高产培肥同步效应,两年平均亩产444.9～470.3kg,比对照增产58.2%～67.2%,亩增益85～92元,水分利用率1.127～1.232kg/mm。比对照高57.1%～71.5%;比基础土壤提高有机质3.74%、全氮4.3%、全磷10.8%、速效磷15.5%,是半干旱区改造旱地中低产田的有效生产措施。

This study was carried out during 1989～1990.The result showed that the output value per mu of barren and dry area is extreme significantly positive correlated with the input(γ= 0.879~**,n=8),and appear to be a linear relation with that and the regression equation is y= 32.09+5.22x.Seed weight per mu has extreme signficantly positive correlation with total dry weight of plants (r=0.955~**,n=8) and appears to be linear relation with dry weight of plants, and the regression equation is Y=-144.59+0.73x.The test indicated that the combination of covering by stalks,untillage and minimum tillage can increase the preservation of soil moisture. The water content in 0～10cm deep soil was 36.9%～63.9% higher than the control at sowing stage.During male ear sprouting to filling period,the water content in 0～50 deep soil was 10.5%～13% higher than the control.The synchronous effects of higher yield with fertilization was showed in this experiment.The mean yields per mu of the two years were 444.9～470.3kg, 58.2%～67.2% higher than the control,with an income increase of 85～92 yuan per mu.Their water efficiency of 1.127～1.232kg/mm per mu was 57.1%～71.5% higher than the control. Organic matter,whole nitrogen,whole phosphorous,rapidly available nitrogen and rapidly avail- able phosphorous were 3.47%,4.3%,10.8%,32.8% and 15.5% respectively higher than the basic soil.This is the effective measure for improving medium—and—lower yielding fields in dry area.