谷子花粉母细胞减数分裂与植株抽穗进程关系的研究

Studies on the Correlation between PMCs Meiosis and the Course of Earing in Foxtail Millet

谷子花粉母细胞减数分裂始于谷穗从旗叶叶鞘抽出2/5之时,此时位于穗中上部的小穗花形成花粉母细胞;到谷穗抽出3/5时进入减数分裂盛期,穗中上部小穗花有50％～80％处于减数分裂前期Ⅰ各期;当谷穗抽出4/5时到达减数分裂后期,穗中上部小穗花有30％～40％完成减数分裂。同一小穗花减数分裂进程基本上同步。不同小穗花减数分裂进程差异较大。穗不同部位小穗花减数分裂的顺序是中上部→中部→中下部和上部→下部。

Meiosis starts when the ear sprout out about 2/5 from flag leaf sheath in the pollen mother cells(PMCs), Setaria italica Beauv. at this time the PMCs formation was observed in the spikelet flowers of the upper-middle ear. When the ear sprouts out 3/5, the meiosis is at prosperous stage and 50%～80% cells of the upper-middle ear revealed at the various stages of prophase Ⅰ. Meiosis anaphase comes when the ear sprouts out 4/5 and 30%～40% PMCs of the uppermiddle ear finish meiosis. The meiosis progress is synchronous in the same spiketet, but there are great differences among different spikelet flowers. The meiosis of spikelet flowers occurs first at the cells of uppermiddle, secondly middle, then lower-middle, next upper and the last lower ear.