四川汉代砖石室墓的初步研究

A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON THE BRICK-AND STONE-CHAMBERED TOMBS OF THE HAN PERIOD IN SICHUAN

本文所说的四川，即传统概念中的四川地区，它包括现在重庆市所辖的原四川I东部地区。在这一地区内，墓葬由传统的竖穴墓向横穴墓的转变大体发生在两汉之际。汉代四川地区的横穴墓可以分为三种大的类型，即砖室墓、石室墓和崖墓。在这三种类型中。

The present paper makes a preliminary systematic study of the structure-classification, distribution and regionalization,chronology periodization,as well as changes and evolution, and tomb shape and burial manner of the Han period brick-and stone-chambered graves in Sichuan (including today's Chongqing). The author classifies the tombs into three types and 11 styles.The types are single-, double-and triple-chambered respectively.On the basis of regional differences,the paper divides them into the eastern and western Sichuan areas.Analyses of their evolutionary process show that the tombs represent five developmental stages:the Wang Mang period, early,mid and late Eastern Han periods and Shu Han period.Brick-and stone-chambered tombs first appeared in the western Sichuan in the Wang Mang period in a small number and of small size,only single-chambered tombs can be seen.The tomb owners must have belonged to a special social group and stratum.Afterwards,the distribution,number and size were gradually enlarged,and the number of grave goods increased,which show that the circles of users were widened and rich burial became popular.This tendency reached its summit in the late Eastern Han,and then declined in the Shu Han period.Compared with contemporary tombs in the Central Plains,the Han period brick-and stone-chambered tombs in Sichuan shared a general commonness with those graves in tomb shape and burial manner, though they bore some local features.