交河故城形制布局特点研究

A STUDY OF THE LAYOUT OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF JIAOHE

19世纪末20世纪初以来，国内外的一些学者在交河故城曾陆续做过调查或试掘。然而，由于其资料零散且发表的有限，尚不能据以研究交河故城的形制布局。改革开放之后，交河故城的考古工作有较大的进展。特别是1992年10月至1996年4月。

The present paper researches mainly into the features of ancient Jiaohe city in shape and layout and consists of the following ten parts.1.The overall planning of urban construction based on the natural geographical features.2.The unique combination of the axis and main streets and staggered city gates.3.Strip-shaped overall layout and block-shaped area planning.4.The city road system in the strip and block combined form and the appearance of'annular islands'.5.The location of government offices in the center of the city and the concentrated construction of official buildings.6.Dwelling units mainly in the form of high- walled compound.7.The wide distribution of temples in the city and the reasonable control of their density.8.Graveyards as a part of the overall layout of the city.9.Ingenious symmetry,the bird's-eye view and the scenic focal point.10.The perfect defensive system contained in the city plan.Based on specific analyses of the above ten parts,the author points out their internal organic relationship.In the conclusion,the paper discusses the date and nature of the city,which are closely related to its extant plan and layout,and makes a summary as follows. The extant shape and layout had no relationship with Jiaohe city of the Han Qoco period.Their foundation was laid in the Qoco Kingdom of the Qu house.They were formed to the Tang dynasty under a great influence of Tang Chang'an city.From AD 791,Jiaohe city was controlled by Tufan over 70 years,when it went from flourish to declination.In the Qoco Uigur period,the role of Jiaohe city was replaced by Turfan city (Anle city of the Tang dynasty).At that time,only a part of Buddhist temples and secular constructions were rebuilt,enlarged or newly made in Jiaohe city,while the overall layout was roughly the same as that in the Tang period.Furthermore,the city was not destroyed by the'Holy War',but by the arbitrary spread of Islamism after the'Holy War',and finally was deserted at the turn of the Ming and Qing dynasties.Its extant shaped and layout show that Jiaohe city was a political,religious and military center.