含混的自然概念——梅洛-庞蒂对笛卡尔自然观的批判反思

Ambiguous Conception of Nature ——Critical Reflection of Descartes ’ Conception of Nature by Merleau- Ponty

笛卡尔的自然实际上出自于知性的构造 ,它是一种祛魅的、纯粹的、自在的自然 ,但这种思想中还包含有许多含混之处 ,有许多非思辨的成分。这意味着两种自然 ,即“自然之光”意义上的自然和“自然倾向”意义上的自然的共存 ,知性自然建立在感性自然基础之上。在康德那里 ,人为自然立法的思想消除了这种含混性。梅洛 -庞蒂本人要求把知性自然还原为感性的、前客观的、野性的自然 ,让我们在自然面前始终保持惊异 ,这种立场超越了自然主义与人道主义之争。

The Nature in Descartes i s derived from the construction of understanding,which is the Nature in-itself,disenchanted,with simple nature.But there are many ambiguou s positions in Descartes’ concepti ons of Nature.According to Merleau -Ponty,this means co-existence of two nature,namely that of sensibil ity and that of understanding.Merl eau-Ponty wants to reduce the natu re of understanding to that of sen sibility,a kind of wild one.Thi s is a position of going beyond of naturalism and humanism.