关于我国海洋生物资源的可持续利用

ON SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES IN CHINA

建国以来,我国海洋生物资源开发生产高速发展,取得了显著成就,捕捞渔业和海水养殖产量都居世界各国之冠,但由于过度捕捞和环境污染,海洋生物主要资源遭到严重破坏,有的已近崩溃,难以持续健康发展。指出了当前我国海洋生物资源开发生产、发展中存在的主要问题———捕捞量大大超过资源补充再生,繁殖保护和环境保护效果差,养殖生产中育苗和养成技术落后。提出了保证海洋生物资源可持续发展和利用的建议———削减捕捞船只、网具,施行限额捕捞制,提高育苗、养殖和防病技术水平,扩大种苗放流增殖资源规模,加大水产品深加工研究。

Fast development of exploitation of living marine resources of China is reviewed. Over exploitation of the limited resources resulted in decrease of natural stock size, catch per unit effort (CPUE), and production of major fish species which seriously influenced the sustainable exploitation and development of China's marine fishery industry and the countries construction,as well as the low level of hatchery and grow out techniques and disease control. The existing problems are analyzed and discussed. The suggestions for the sustainable exploitation and development of China's marine fishery resources were put forward such as: (1) to cut off the number of small fishing boats; (2) to enhance culture technique study and exploitation; (3) to develop resource enhancement techniques and practice in coastal seas; (4) to develop high technique of fishery products processing.