突发性气象灾害的防御与公共安全应急管理——以0414号台风“云娜”为例

PREVENTION OF SUDDEN METEOROLOGICAL CALAMITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR PUBLIC SECURITY——TAKE THE TYPHOON NO. 0414 RANANIM AS AN EXAMPLE

我国是气象灾害频发的国家,突发性气象灾害是影响公共安全的重要因素,它对经济建设和社会发展有着重要的制约作用,针对突发性气象灾害的特点建立和完善相应的公共安全应急管理体系已刻不容缓。本文在第一部分对“云娜“台风灾害成因探讨的基础上,通过分析突发性气象灾害的主要特点和目前应对各类气象灾害的体系中存在的薄弱环节,剖析浙江省防御“云娜”台风的做法与成功经验,提出了一些有关加强突发性气象灾害应急管理的一些思考。

China is a country with frequent meteorological calamities, of which the sudden ones are an important factor threatening public security and socio-economic development. Hence, it is necessary to set up and improve step by step an emergency management system specific to the sudden occurrence based on the five features of such calamities:abruptness, transmission, disastrous nature, frequent happening and regionality. On the basis of causal analysis of Typhoon Rananim a study is made of the main features of damages done by it and weak abilities in fighting various kinds of such disasters, countermeasures and successful practice against Rananim, thereby proposing new considerations for improving the emergency system.