船舶污染案件中国家损失索赔的法律问题

Legal problems on claiming for losses of state caused by ships' pollution

针对我国船舶污染案件中国家损失索赔出现的一些法律问题进行了较详细讨论。认为属于国家损失赔偿的项目有:污染直接造成的国有自然资源的损害和国家保护环境产生的费用,即采取的合理复原措施的费用以及预防措施的费用;国家损失赔偿请求的权利依据为环境管理权,该环境管理权不仅具有公法性质,也具有民事属性,可以由特定的部门行使;针对目前国家损失由不同部门进行索赔比较混乱的现状,建议我国成立一个综合性的组织或部门代表国家对国家海洋环境损失进行索赔,并明确规定专款专用。

This paper is concerning about several legal problems occurred in cases of the claim for state s losses caused by ships pollution. The items belong to the scope of compensation for the losses of state include the damage to natural resources owned by state and the charges for protecting environment by state, i.e. the costs of taking reasonable restoration measures and preventive measures. The legal basis to the right of claim the compensation for losses of state is the right of the environmental management, and such right has not only public right character, but also private right character. It can be exercised by a specified department. A comprehensive organization or department on behalf of state should be established to claim the compensation for the marine environmental damage by it, and provides that the compensation obtained.