托木尔峰南坡冰川水文特征及其对径流的影响分析

Analysis on the Glacial Hydrological Features of the Glaciers on the South Slope Of Mt. Tuomuer and the Effects on Runoff

托木尔峰地区冰川消融和冰雪融水径流对温度和降水变化有很好的响应,冰面消融与同期温度之间呈线性相关性,冰川年消融深与消融期6～8月份平均气温呈指数关系。过去40年来托木尔峰地区年冰雪融水量增加了8～10×108m3左右,而在区域温度持续升高的趋势下,冰雪融水补给量将会持续增加。冰雪融水对河流补给的季节集中性和多年变化的稳定性,造成水资源量高度季节集中和平稳的年际变化。通过对本地区河流月流量持续性分析表明,本地区河流月径流量持续性很差,并且冰雪融水补给越高,持续性越差,对充分利用区域内水资源产生了不利影响。

Ablation of the glacier terminuses is not so violent on the south slope of Mt. Tuomuer in the west Tianshan Mountains because the thick moraines cover on the surface of the glaciers. At the glacier ablation region with attitude of 3 020～4 250 m a.s.l. on Keqikaer Glacier, the region with the most violent ablation is located in an altitude zone of 3 750～3 850 m a,s,l., and the moraine thickness reduces from 20 cm to 0 cm in this region. Glacier ablation is related to air temperature, and there is an exponential curve between the annual melt water volume from Tailan Glacier with attitude of 4 000 m a.s.l. and the mean air temperature during the period from June to August in the study area. Because of the rapid change of temperature in the alpine regions, the glacier melt water volumes measured at the temporary glacial hydrological station fluctuate violently. The rivers rising from the glacier are mainly recharged by glacier melt water and its proportion has increased since recent decades under climate warming. It is estimated that the total annual runoff volume of these rivers is increased for 10×10 8 m 3 than that before 20 years. Seasonal distribution of the runoff of these rivers is quite asymmetrical but the interannual change is stable. The persistence of the monthly runoff volume of these rivers is poor, especially in April and May, which is disadvantage for the utilization of water resource.