丘陵红壤区决明属牧草品系的适应性筛选

Selecting and Screening on Suitability of Chamaecrista spp. in Hilly Red Soil Area

针对占全国总面积22%的南方红壤区有机质含量低、酸性强、水土流失严重等生态问题,及福建省当家豆科草种少等问题。引进40个豆科决明属(Chamaecristaspp.)牧草,在福建省不同气候带的红壤山地进行多年适应性筛选和验证试验。通过聚类分析和建立综合指标评价体系,筛选出适宜荒山荒坡地种植的直立型品种C.nicti tansATF2217、ATF2219,适宜于果园套种的匍匐型品种C.rotundifoliaCPI34721、CPI92985和适宜保持水土改良土壤的C.rotundifoliaCPI86134、CPI86178等6个品系进行推广利用。其中Chamaecristanictitanscv.ATF2217已通过全国牧草品种审定,定名为"闽引羽叶决明"。

This paper focuses on the ecological problems of low soil fertility, strong soil acid and serious soil erosion in red soil region of southern China that occupy 22% of state land, as well as the lack of suitable forage in this area. 40 legume accessions of Chamaecrista spp. have been introduced and screening in hilly red soil of central and south sub-tropical in Fujian province for years. The 40 accessions are origin in Brazil, Paraguay, Mexico, Columbia and Argentina, and belong to 4 species which are C. rotundifolia, C. serpens, C. nictitans and C. pilosa. Using Single linkage to analyze the meaned rating that including days to first flower, days to first pod, maximum canopy height, harvesting yield etc.. The clustering analyzed result showed that 40 Chamaecrista accessions can be divided into 8 groups, in which 33 accessions are in 3 groups. According to the currently ecological situation of this red soil region, the characteristics of Chamaecrista accessions and their utilizing purposes, a complex rating system was build up for evaluation. The evaluation system include 4 characters of botany, physiology, tolerance and nutrient as 1^(st) grade index, and 18 characters such as harvesting yield, seed yield, acid-tolerance etc. were treated as 2^(nd) grade index. 6 accessions were selected and demonstrated under different situation, they are ATF2217 and ATF2219 (C. nictitans) which are suit for wasteland restoration, CPI34721 and CPI92985 (C. rotundifolia) which are suit for interplanted in young orchards, CPI86134 and CPI86178 (C. rotundifolia) which are suit for soil and water conservation. One of them that C. nictitans cv. ATF2217 has passed the state forage test, been named by 'MINYIN'.