台湾海峡及邻近海域6种对虾食性特征及其营养级研究

Study on feeding habits and nutrient level of shrimp species from Taiwan Strait and its adjacent sea areas

本文主要研究台湾海峡及邻近海域6种对虾的食性特征与营养级.研究结果表明,它们皆为混合食性型的甲壳动物.哈氏仿对虾、鹰爪虾和周氏新对虾的主要饵料生物属底栖生物和浮游动物生态类群,中华管鞭虾和须赤虾的主要饵料生物属浮游动物和底栖生物生态类群;它们的营养级范围在1.64～2.14之间.周氏新对虾、角突仿对虾、须赤虾和鹰爪虾属第二营养层次的杂食性动物,哈氏仿对虾和中华管鞭虾属第三营养层次的低级肉食性动物;它们的食物生境宽度范围为6.48～1.24,其大小范围依次为:哈氏仿对虾、中华管鞭虾、鹰爪虾、周氏新对虾、须赤虾、角突仿对虾;6种虾类之间的食物的重叠指数0.008～0.716.除了周氏新对虾与其它虾类之间食物的重叠指数<0.15外,其它5种虾类之间(食物的重叠指数0.387～0.716)都存在竞争饵料资源的问题.挠足类、长尾类、稚幼鱼、多毛类、硅藻类和肉足鞭毛虫是虾类共同争食的饵料生物.

The feeding habit and nutrient level of six species of shrimps from Taiwan Strait and its adjacent sea areas were studied in this paper. The results show that they are crustacea of omnivorous. The main foods of Parapenaeposis harduicki,Trachypenaeus curvirostris and Metapenaeus joyneri are benthos-zooplanktons. For Solenocera crassicornis andMetapenaeposis barbata,the staple food is zooplanktons-benthos.Their nutrient levels are 1.64～2.21.The Metapenaeus joyneri,Parapenaeposis cornuta, Metapenaeposis barbata and Trachypenaeus curvirostris belong to omnivorous ofthe second nutrition layer. Solenocera crassicornis and Parapenaeposis harduickii belong to lower carnivores of the third nutrition layer. Their feeding niche breadth ranges are 1.24～6.48,in a size order from Parapenaeposis harduickii to Solenocera crassicornis, Trachypenaeus curvirostris,Metapenaeus joyneri,Metapenaeposis barbata, Parapenaeposis cornuta;The overlap index of diet among the six species of shrimps are 0.044～0.716.Except for Metapenaeus joyneri(< 0.15),others overlap prominently,so they are in a fierce rivalry on diets resource,such as Copepoda,Macrura,young fish,Polychaeta,Bacillariophyta and Sarcomastigophora.