梅州市248名煤尘肺工人体质监护结果分析

Supervision on the physical condition of 248 coal miners with pneumoconiosis in Meizhou City

目的 分析梅州市国营煤矿煤尘肺工人体质状况集体监护结果。方法 病史采集 ,内外科常规检查 ,采用高千伏X射线拍胸片 ,使用肺功能仪进行肺功能测定 ,采用生化分析仪检测肝功能、尿糖等项目。结果 检查煤尘肺工人 2 48名。年龄分布 :最小 40岁 ,最大 81岁。接尘工龄 :最短 3 5a ,最长 49 6a ,平均 19 5a。工种分布 :掘进工最多 ,其次为采煤工 ,再次为混合工。尘肺期别 :Ⅰ期、Ⅰ + 期、Ⅱ (Ⅱ + )期 ,分别占 68 5 %、8 9%、2 2 6%。晋期情况 :无变化占 75 0 % ,发现晋期 62例 ,占 2 5 0 %。X线表现复杂多样 ,以小阴影表现为主 ,占 79 8%。有肺功能损害 10 1人 ,占 40 7%。轻度损害最多 ,占 2 0 2 %。并发症主要为高血压 42 3 % ,心电图异常 17 7% ,肺气肿 7 3 % ,胸膜粘连 8 9% ,肺结核 1 6% ,肺癌 0 4%。结论 梅州市煤尘肺患者具有如下特征 :年龄大、病程长、确诊尘肺年龄早。呼吸系统症状明显 ,肺通气功能损害不严重 ,并发症尤其肺结核发病率低。表明梅州市在及早诊断尘肺新发病例 ,预防新发病例发生 ,延长尘肺病人寿命 ,以及控制尘肺并发症方面是有成效的。

Objective] To analyze the physical conditions of coal miners with pneumoconiosis in state-owned coalmines of Meizhou City. [Methods] Case history was collected; regular clinical examination was made including X-rays, lung function, liver function and glucose in urine. [Results] 248 coal miners with pneumoconiosis were examined aging from 40 to 81 who had been exposed to dust for 35 to 49.6 years (19.5 years in average). Among them, digging workers occupied a large percent, followed by excavating workers, then mixing workers. Their case stages were I (68.5%), I+ (8.9%), II (II+) (22.6%); 75.0% of them showed no changes, and 62 cases were found with advanced circumstance (25.0%). X-ray manifestation showed a complex variety with small shadows as the main manifestation (79.8%). 101 cases showed lung function damage (40.7%), most of which were light damages (20.2%). The complications were mainly hypertension (42.3%), abnormal EGG (17.7%), pulmonary emphysema (7.3%), pleural adhesion (8.9%), tuberculosis (1.6%) and lung cancer (0.4%).[Conclusion] Pneumoconiosis patients of Meizhou have the following characteristics: advanced in age, long course of disease and early diagnosis in age; Symptoms in respiratory system were obvious; damages in lung ventilatory function was not serious; morbidity of complications especially tuberculosis was low. It indicates that it was successful in controlling the complications of pneumoconiosis by early diagnosis, preventive methods and prolonging patients' life in Meizhou City.