陆地生态系统碳源与碳汇及其影响机制研究进展

Advances in the study of terrestrial ecosystem carbon source,sink and affection mechanisms.

全球碳循环研究中发现 ,目前已知碳源与碳汇不能达到平衡 ,存在一个很大的碳失汇。大气、海洋和陆地生态系统是人工源CO2 的 3个可能的容纳汇 ,其中陆地生态系统最复杂、最具不确定性 ,因此陆地生态系统碳源与碳汇研究是全球碳循环研究的核心问题之一。大气成分监测、CO2 通量测定、森林资源清查以及模型模拟等方面的研究都表明 ,CO2 施肥效应、氮沉降增加、污染、全球气候变化以及土地利用变化 ,是影响陆地生态系统碳储量的主要生态机制 ,但不确定在过去的 10～ 10 0年以及未来哪一种机制起最主要的作用。

It is found that there is a large missing carbon sink between available carbon source and sink by studies of global carbon cycle.Atmosphere,ocean and terrestrial ecosystem are three probable reservoirs of carbon dioxide released by human activities.Terrestrial ecosystem carbon source and sink is one of the critical problems in global carbon cycle because of its complexity and uncertainty.Many studies,including the monitoring of atmospheric components,analysis of forest inventories,CO 2 flux measurements and modeling simulations,have suggested that CO 2 fertilization,increased nitrogen deposition,pollution,global climatic change and change in land use are major ecological mechanisms affecting the amount of carbon in terrestrial ecosystem.It is unclear which of these mechanisms has been the most important in the past 10～100 years and which will be the most important in the future.