广东顺德现代集约型基塘系统的构建与调控

Reconstruction and control of modern in tensive dike-pond system in Shunde.

作为一种种养结合、水陆互促的具有多种生态经济功能的低洼地区的复合生态农业系统 ,广东佛山市顺德区的基塘系统被认为是中国传统农业的典范。随着区域经济特别是现代集约农业的高速发展 ,传统基塘系统发生萎缩和退化 ,突出表现为基塘系统种养分离 ,过度集约化单一化种植或养殖 ,环境污染。本文调查分析了顺德基塘系统退化原因和机理 ,提出了从社会间接调控、经营者 (农民 )人工直接调控和重塑自然生态调控三个层次的调控机制 ,重构现代集约型基塘系统生态农业的基本思路 ,并总结分析了顺德对退化基塘系统生态重建的初步实践和案例 ,包括 :按现代化农业要求 ,高标准挖塘筑基整治基塘 ;划定农业生态保护区 ,保护基塘生态景观 ;选择市场适销的优质高效种植养殖品种 ,以不同经营方式重构种养结合的基塘复合系统 ;扶持农产品流通和加工 ,提高农产品市场占有率和市场竞争力 ;通过政府有关部门和行业商会 ,为经营者提供科技指导与示范、市场信息、农产品质量监控等服务。

The traditional dike-pond system (DPS) that has been developed and practiced in the Pearl River Delta for centuries is a sustainable agro-ecosystem in low-lying area.It has an obvious land-water interaction and remarkable eco-economical effects.However,with the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization,the DPS has degraded seriously.Based on the theory of restoration ecology and ecological engineering and employing both modern sci-technology and traditional experiences,a series of ecological safe models with economic feasibility were put forward to suit the modern agro-industries,which may be set up within large scale agro-industries or among different small scale agro-industries and farmers.Taking Shunde city for instance,the main countermeasures to restore the degraded DPS should follow the development of intensive modern agriculture with the appropriate combination of dikes and ponds.The DPS should be reconstructed in high standard according to the request of agricultural modernization.An agro-ecological conservation region had been set up in Shunde city to protect the landscape of DPS,such as chosing the high quality and high effects varieties of crop and aquiculture as well as domestic animals,supporting the construction of packinghouse,market and export system to increase the market shares and competition ability and seting up the demonstration and offering information and technical advice to the manager of DPS and other businessmen with the help of local government.