土壤水分对不同专用小麦后期光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of soil moisture on photosynthetic characteristics of different specialized end-uses winter wheat at their later growth stages and on their yields.

采用盆栽方法,研究了土壤水分对专用小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响.结果表明,强筋小麦豫麦34旗叶叶绿素计读数(SPAD值)、PSⅡ活性(Fv/Fo)和PSⅡ最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)在土壤相对含水量60%(FC)的条件下最高,光化学猝灭系数(qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)、有效电子传递速率(ETR)和传递的量子产率(Ф2)在80%FC下最高;高产小麦豫麦49旗叶SPAD值、qP、qN、ETR均以80%FC下最高,Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和Ф2受土壤水分影响不大;弱筋小麦豫麦50,除qN在80%FC下最低外,其余光合特性参数均以80%FC的条件下最高.豫麦34产量和蛋白质含量均以60%FC最高,且产量达极显著差异;豫麦49和豫麦50籽粒蛋白质含量以40%FC最高,籽粒产量以80%FC最高,且豫麦49产质差异均达显著水平,而豫麦50的产量差异达极显著水平.

In this study,pot experiments with various cultivars of specialized end-uses winter wheat were carried out at Henan Agricultural University Research Station during 2001～2003.The results showed that as for cultivar Yumai 34,the values of its chlorophyll meter(SPAD),PSII activity (Fv/Fo) and maximal PSII light energy transformation efficiency (Fv/Fm) were the highest when soil moisture content was at 60% of field capacity (FC),but the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP),non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN),apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate(ETR) and the ratio of PSII photochemical quantum yield (Ф2) were all increased at 80% of FC.For high-yielding cultivar Yumai 49,its SPAD,qP,qN and ETR were higher at 80% of FC,but Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and Ф2 were less affected by FC.For cultivar Yumai 50,the values of its photosynthetic characteristics were the highest at 80% of FC,except that the qN value was the lowest.The yield and the relative content of grain protein of cultivar Yumai 34 were also increased at 60% of FC.Furthermore,there was a significant difference among grain yields.The relative contents of grain protein of cultivars Yumai 49 and 50 were improved at 40% of FC,while the highest yields were obtained at 80% of FC.There were significant differences in the grain yields of Yumai 49 and 50 among different soil moisture treatments.