黄渤海海水养殖自身污染的评估

Evaluation on self-pollution of marine culture in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea.

探讨了投饵和非投饵两种养殖方式自身污染对海洋环境的影响.结果表明,海水养殖产量与营养盐类、COD和赤潮发生次数均呈正相关关系,其中无机氮含量和赤潮发生次数与虾养殖产量有显著正相关关系,说明海水养殖自身污染对邻近海域富营养化及赤潮发生有一定影响.通过黄渤海海水养殖向海洋排泄氮、磷、COD等污染物估算,分别占相应陆源污染物排海量的28%、53%、18%.虽然与人类其他活动向海洋排污量相比,水产养殖的排污量所占比重还不算大,对于某些局部水域,特别是海水养殖密集区,将对海洋环境的影响产生叠加作用,很可能成为刺激近海富营养化和赤潮发生的一个重要因素,应引起足够的重视.

This paper studied the respective contribution of feeding and non-feeding marine culture on seawater and red tide occurrence.The results showed that the annual output of marine had a positive correlation with the nutrients and COD in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea,of which,the correlation between DIN content and shrimp yield was significant.The output also had a positive correlation with the occurrence times of red tide recorded in the Yellow and Sea Bohai Sea.These results illustrated that the self-pollution of marine culture had a significant influence on the eutrophication and red tide occurred in the neighboring waters.It was estimated that the amounts of N,P and COD entered into seawater through the marine culture in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea accounted for 2.8%,5.3% and 1.8% of the amounts of corresponding land-based pollutants entered to the sea,respectively.Although the discharge of the pollutants produced by marine culture was less than that produced by other human activities,some local waters,especially dense marine culture areas,would bring out some additive effects on environment.Therefore,the pollutants discharged by marine culture were very likely to be an important factor stimulating the eutrophication and red tide occurrence in coastal waters,which should be paid adequate attention.