电磁脉冲对猴、犬及兔眼组织的辐射损伤

A comparative study of the effect of electromagnetic pulse on eyes of monkey, dog and rabbit

目的 采用高场强电磁脉冲 (electromagneticpulse ,EMP)辐射实验动物猴、犬、兔 ,并对比观察各种动物角膜、晶状体及视网膜的病理改变 ,从而研究EMP辐射对上述 3种动物视觉系统的影响。方法 采用场强为 6× 10 4V /m的EMP重复辐射猴、犬、兔各 10次 ,并于辐射后不同时间点对比观察其角膜、晶状体及视网膜的病理改变。结果 根据光镜观察结果 ,发现上述各组动物经EMP辐射后的损伤程度为 :猴 >犬 >兔 ,提示EMP的辐射损伤效应具有种属差异。实验动物视觉系统各部分对EMP辐射的损伤敏感程度依次为 :晶状体 >角膜 >视网膜。经EMP辐射后 ,猴、兔晶状体易发生后囊混浊 ,而犬晶状体易发生前囊混浊 ,主要的病理改变包括晶状体水肿、空泡形成及白内障发生等。上述 3种实验动物角膜及视网膜的病理损伤程度基本一致。结论 高场强EMP辐射可引起猴、犬、兔等实验动物的视觉系统损伤 ,其中以晶状体对EMP辐射最为敏感 ,可诱发白内障形成。

Objective To study the effect of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on optical system of monkeys, dogs and rabbits, in terms of the pathological changes in cornea, lens, and retina. Methods Monkeys, dogs and rabbits were irradiated with 6×104V/m of EMP for 10 times, and the pathological changes in cornea, lens and retina were observed at different times after irradiation. Results The sensitivity to EMP injury is as follows: monkey>dog>rabbit, lens>cornea>retina. Posterior capsular opacity in monkey's and rabbit's eyes and anterior capsular opacity in dog's eyes were easily induced. The main pathological changes were edema in lens and cataract formation. The pathological changes in cornea and retina of the 3 kinds of animals were similar. Conclusion High power EMP may cause optical system injury in monkeys, dogs and rabbits. Lens is the most sensitive to EMP injury, and may contribute the mechanisms of cataract.