武夷山风景名胜区景观生态评价

ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE LANDSCAPE IN THE WUYISHAN SCENERY DISTRICT

以武夷山风景名胜区为研究对象 ,在景观类型划分的基础上 ,首次提出了适合风景名胜区景观生态评价的指标体系 ,该体系包含代表性、稳定性、协调性、奇特性、观赏性、社会性和梯度性等 7个指标 .然后 ,运用层次分析法(AHP)确定各指标的权重 ,进而得到各景观类型的综合评价指数 .根据综合评价指数 ,将风景区划分为 3种景观生态等级 ,即理想景观、正常景观和危急景观 .研究结果表明 :在组成武夷山风景名胜区的 10种景观类型中 ,河流与马尾松林属于理想景观 ,居住地与农田属危急景观 ,其余 6类景观皆为正常景观 ,正常景观 (含理想景观 )面积占整个景区面积的 85 %以上 ,表明了作为世界自然与文化遗产的武夷山风景名胜区总体景观生态现状良好 ,确实受到较为积极有效的保护 .图 1表 4参

Landscape ecological evaluation is an important basis for landscape planning,management and conservation. In this study,the Wuyishan Scenery District,one of the four sub-regions in the Wuyi Mountain,was chosen to study landscape ecological quality.This sub-region had been disturbed most as compared to the other three sub-regions in the Wuyi Mountain,although, in general, all the four regions have been well protected under strict management measures required for protecting a world heritage site.According to widely accepted landscape ecological classification principles,the Wuyishan Scenery District was divided into 10 types, such as Pinus massoniana forest,Cunninghamia lanceolata forest,economic forest,bamboo forest,broad - leaved forest,Camellia sinensis plantation,farmland,river,residential area and bare land.Then, a new index system of landscape ecological evaluation for the scenery district,including representation, stability, coordination, particularity, ornamental value, society and gradient, was first applied to assess its ecological quality by the method of analytic hierarchy process(AHP),and the composite evaluation index(CEI) was further calculated.By CEI,the ecological quality of the scenery district was divided into three classes, including urgent landscape(0<CEI<1), normal landscape (1≤CEI≤3)and ideal landscape (3<CEI<5).The results indicated that the river and Pinus massoniana forest belonged to ideal landscapes, the farmland and residential area belonged to threatened landscapes, and the other six belonged to normal landscapes. The area of normal landscapes(include ideal landscapes)occupied 85% of the total study area.This strongly proved that the ecological quality of the Wuyishan Scenery District was very good and, as one of the world’s natural and cultural heritage,it has been indeed well protected in the past years. Fig 1, Tab 4, Ref 35