农药使用的危险性评价

Risk Assessment on Application of Pesticides

提出了农药使用危险性的单项因素及综合评价方法。其中必评因素包括,农药用量,急性和慢性毒性,三致作用,农药在作物和土壤中的半衰期,鱼毒,蜂毒以及对眼肤的刺激作用;附加参数包括,农药挥发性,代谢增毒作用,生物浓缩系数和除草剂对后茬作物的毒性。评价注重农药用量和急性毒性,在对205种农药进行评价的基础上,提出了我国用量最大的5种杀虫剂属危险级。

This paper proposed the single factor and integrated method for risk assessment of pesticide application. The assessment factors including: dosage, acute and chronic toxicity, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and deformation, half-life of degradation in crops and soil. toxicity to fish and bee, irritation to skin and eye. The additional factors including: evaporation, toxicity of metabolite, coefficient of biological concentration and toxicity of herbicide to following crops. The assessment focused on dosage, acute and chronic toxicity of pesticides which widely used in China.