相濡以沫,不如相忘于江湖——论庄子的人性素朴论与德行修养观

ZHANG Zi's Views about the Simplicity of Human Nature and the Cultivation of Virtues

庄子的人性素朴论是其德行修养观的基石。养中说是其居乱世的权宜之计,而修德乃至于达道才是其德行修养观的目标。修德的途径是坐忘,达道的具体表现是成为能够“适己之适”的真实的人。只有这样的真人,才能达与道德之境而游于无何有之乡。

Chuang-tzu's theory of man's nature, simplisy, is the base of his theory of cultivating virtues. Idea of keeping middle (concept of yangxhong) is an expedient measure in troubled times, moreover, the goal of morality is cultivating virtues (de) as well as combining with dao. The method of cultivating virtues is sitting in meditation. Saint (Zhenren) is the ideal image who embodies the most suitable for himself and the highest to all. Only this kind of person is free from restraint regardless of the external world.