从读者经验到阐释社会——斯坦利·费什的读者反应批评理论评介

A Survey of Stanley Fish's Reader-Response Literary Theory and Criticism

斯坦利·费什是英美读者反应批评理论的主要代表,其批评理论以读者为中心,强调文本阅读应该关注读者的经验结构,认为文本的意义源于阐释社会,文学批评是一种说服活动。以《这门课里有没有文本?》为参照,从文本阅读、文本意义、文学批评三个角度对斯坦利·费什的读者反应文学批评理论进行了梳理,并观照结构主义和后结构主义的相关批评理论对其作了简单评价。

A representative of the Anglo-American Reader-Response Criticism, Stanley Fish advocates the reader-oriented literary theory and criticism which maintains that the focus of reading should be on the structure of the reader experience, that the meaning of a text originates from the interpretive community, and that the activity of literary criticism is an activity of persuasion. Based on Is There a Text in This Class?, this paper surveys Stanley Fish's reader-response literary theory in terms of reading, meaning and criticism and conducts a brief comment on it in its comparison with the structuralist and poststructuralist literary theories and criticisms.