生物肥料对阳春砂产量及质量的影响

Effect of Biological Fertilizers on the Yield and Quality of Amomum villosum

[目的]观察生物肥料对阳春砂产量和质量的影响。[方法]按药用植物田间试验方法开展不同肥料种类(生物肥A以发酵鸡粪为载体,生物肥B以发酵蔗糖滤蓠为载体,生物肥C为生物肥A与微生物菌肥以一定比例混合而成)与施肥量试验(高、中、低施肥量分别施生物肥A 150、112、75 g·m-2·次-1),并采用气相色谱法对砂仁药材中主要有效成分-醋酸龙脑酯进行含量测定。[结果]不同种类的生物有机肥均能显著提高阳春砂的产量,但对质量的影响无显著性差异;施肥量的不同也会影响到砂仁药材的产量,高施肥量与中施肥量对阳春砂的结果率及产量均有显著影响,而以中施肥量(生物肥A112 g·m-2·次-1)为最优;分别施3种生物肥栽培结出的砂仁中醋酸龙脑酯的含量无显著性差异。[结论]合理施肥是提高阳春砂产量的关键技术之一。

[Objective] To observe the effect of biological fertilizers on the yield and quality of Amomum villosum (AV). [Methods] Field experiment method was used to observe the effect of different kinds and different amount of biological fertilizers on AV. Biological fertilizers were: A (mainly composed of fermented chicken manure), B (mainly composed of fermented filter of sugarcane) and C (mixed with fertilizer A and biological fertilizer at certain proportion). The fertilizer amount was 150, 112 and 75 g****m-2 per time. Content of bornyl acetate in AV was detected by gas chromatography. [Results] The three kinds of biological fertilizers increased the yield of AV but had no obvious effect on its quality; high- and moderate-amount fertilizer increased the yield of AV, in particular fertilizer A (112 g·m-2 per time). The three kinds of fertilizers had no effect on the content of bornyl acetate in AV. [Conclusion] Reasonable application of fertilizers is one of the important ways to raise the yield of AV.