战后美国两党经济政策趋同现象分析

An Analysis of the Convergence of the Economic Policies from the two Parties in the Post-war United States

战后美国两党的经济理论和政策有所不同。民主党主张国家干预的凯恩斯主义及扩张性的经济政策。共和党则主张自由放任的保守主义及紧缩性的经济政策。尽管两党存在许多分歧与差异,但是在经济政策上也存在大量的趋同和共识之处,并呈阶段性特征。导致这种趋同与共识的原因从根本上是源于两党对西方民主价值和民主政体上的一致性认识,同时还主要受到选民中间化、政治经济形势变化、利益集团及跨党联盟等因素的影响。

Different ideologies and different economic situations led to the divergencesin economic theory and policy between the Democratic and the Republican in the Post-war Period. The Democratic Party believed in the Keynesianism, and executed the expansionary economic policy, while the Republican Party held the idea of conservatism economy, and executed tightening economic policy. In spite of the divergences, there are still some consensus and convergence in economic policy between the two parties, which have showed some periodic features. The causes for the consensus and convergence are various, but mainly attributed to their agreement on the western democratic value and the democratic system of government. Meanwhile, other factors also affect the convergence, such as some voters' indifferent ideology, the variation of the political and economic situations, the interest group and the cross-voting allies etc.