关于道德起源的人性反思

Human Nature Introspection About the Origin of Morals

表面看来,道德是对人的一种约束性规范,是为维护社会秩序而产生的外在于人的工具。作为目的性的主体存在,人为什么要去遵守那些外在的工具性规范呢?为此,有必要重新解读关于道德起源的学说。道德的起源有两大动力因素:社会的他律性需求与个体的自律性需求。前者是道德产生的外在吸引力,是道德产生的宏观整体要求,后者是道德产生的内在驱动力,是道德产生的微观人性基础;前者是外显的、表层的因素,后者是内隐的、深层的因素;前者使道德产生之后呈现出工具性的特点,即道德是维护社会秩序和保护社会利益的手段与工具;后者使道德产生后呈现出目的性的特点,即道德以协调人的内在需求和完善提升人的品质为目的。

Apparently ,morals are a kind of restrictive norm to people,and it is an outside-produced-tool for people to maintain the social orders. As the subject of purpose, why must people observe those external tool norms? It is necessary to understand the theory about the moral origin again. There are two major motive force factors about the ethical origin:individual self-disciplining-demands and the social-discrplining-demands. The former is the external appeal that the morals produce and the macroscopic that the morals produce on the whole;the latter is the inherent driving force that the morals produce.It is the micro human nature foundation. The former is an apparent, top, outside factor;the latter is a latent,deep,inside factor. The former makes the morals demonstrate the tool characteristic after producing. Namely,the morals are means and tools that maintain the civil order and protect social interests. The latter makes the morals demonstrate purpose characteristic after producing. Namely the morals are the purpose that people coordinate the inherent demand and perfecting and elevate selfish quality.