小麦条锈病抗性材料的遗传组成分析

Analysis of Genetic Composition of Several Wheat Materials Resistant to Puccinia striiformis

用当前我国流行的条锈菌生理小种条中30、条中31、条中32、杂3、杂4、水源4和水源14对27个亲本及其51个衍生的F1和39个F2以及3个回交F2代群体进行接种鉴定。结果表明,R25、R57、R59、新抗5号、“4285”、爱民5号、爱民6号、温麦1号和R88对病原物表现为免疫或近免疫。而安农91168、陕253、苏3110、鲁955159、北Z76、烟辐188、温麦6号、淮阴9628、豫麦47、豫麦62、藁城8901和对照中国春则表现为高感。遗传分析和分子标记鉴定表明本研究使用的亲本材料的抗性有4种不同的组成模式:即主效基因加微效多基因控制的数量抗性;受Yr36控制的垂直抗性;受有别于Yr36的1对显性基因控制的垂直抗性;受寡基因控制的高抗材料。并将不同抗性基因进行聚合杂交,从中选出抗性强于双亲的抗性材料,特别是R57中很可能存在促进条锈病抗性超亲分离的基因。同时对这些抗性在小麦抗病育种中的利用进行了讨论。

27 parents,51 F1 populations, 42 F2 populations and 3 backcross F2 populations were screened with seven current prevailing stripe rust strains (CY30,CY31,CY32,HⅢ,HⅣ,S4 and S14). Resistance response of parents showed that cultivars (R25, R57,R59 and R88) and lines(Xingkang5, 4285, AIM5,AIM6 and Wen-1) were immune or iso-immune to stripe rust while lines (Neixiang188, Annong91168, Shan253, Lu955159,BeiZ76,Yanfu188,Wenmai6,Shu3110, Huaiying9628,Yumai47,Yumai62,Gaochen8901 and Chinese Spring) were highly susceptible or fully susceptible to stripe rust. The results of inheritance analysis, companying the different infection type (IT) of them and their derivatives, displayed that there were four different resistances to stripe rust in parents: ① resistance controlled by major genes together with quantitative genes (including R25,R57,R59);② resistance controlled by mono-dominant gene Yr34 (including R88,Xingkang5,AIM5 and AIM6); ③resistance controlled by mono-dominant gene which is different from Yr34,such as Wen-1;④resistance controlled by 'weak' HR-genes,such as AIM9 and Linfeng139. Excellent stocks to resistant to Stripe rust were chosen through crosses between different resistance genes. Especially,there were transgressive separation in hybrids groups of R57 as one of parents,which had large potential in wheat resistance breeding.