自治状态下公共物品供给的微观机制——来自吴村的启示

The Micro-mechanism of Public Goods Supply Under Self-governing——An inspiration from Contry Wu

中国的村庄有着强烈的自主治理功能,这种能力在很大程度上是村庄成员获得公共幸福的主要原动力。本文立足于村庄生活之内,把村庄作为一个自治状态下的组织系统进行考察,详细描述了村庄内部在公共物品供给过程中政治精英、经济精英和普通大众等各种力量合作与冲突的形态。研究发现村庄内部这三种力量的公共物品供给"需求-效果"函数模型呈现一种"非均衡的对称性"关系。通过上述的考察,村庄在自治情境中要获得理想的公共幸福,必须从目前凌乱状态的公共物品供给状态中跳出来,进入有效的公共物品供给阶段,从而进一步达到有效的制度供给阶段。这是村庄社区有效利用公共资源,共同建设公共幸福的理论途径。

(In China, the researches on village are often derived from the need of govemment or the interest in social culture. In fact, these two kinds of research usually can' t master the spirit of the village life of China. Chinese villages have strong function of self-governing. To much extent, the function is the primary way of villagers to achieve public welfare. So this paper reviewed village as an organized system under the self- governing state, and described the form of both cooperation and conflicting among the political elite, the economical elite and the social elite, in the supply of public goods, basing itself inside the country life. And the dynamic influence of such factors like 'the dependence on village life', 'the positivity of political participation', 'the intensity of economic strength' and 'the uniformed normativation' to those three sides of strength was analyzed. The conclusion was that those three sides of strength showed a kind of connection called ' unbalanced symmetry ' . A right master of this connection is important to understand the supply of public goods in similar instance. Now, wanting perfect public welfare in self - governing, villages must jump into the effective phase of the supply of public goods from the disorder one at now a time, and then arrive at a effective phase of systematic supply. This is a theoretical anumach of villages to utilize public resources effectively and to construct pubic welfare collectively. )