施用不同肥料对稻田作物产量与土壤肥力的长期影响

Long-term effect of application of different fertilizer on the crop production and soil fertility in rice fields

10年长期施肥的定位试验结果表明:与不施肥区相比,单施猪厩肥的增产率为13.6%,施用NPK肥的为32.7%,NPK化肥和猪厩肥配施的增产率达42.5%。年施N315kg/hm2基本可以维持氮素平衡,肥料氮的利用率27.3%～37.3%。磷肥的利用率在25%左右。年施K2O329.25kg/hm2仍不能消除土壤钾的亏缺,土壤全钾含量下降18.9%,但土壤速效钾却有大幅提高。连年施用猪厩肥改善了土壤容重、土壤孔隙度等土壤物理性质。

The experimental results of application of different fertilizers and their combinations in the rice field with triple-cropping system in 1991—2000 indicated that application of pig manure only, chemical fertilizers of NPK, and NPK + pig manure increased the yields by 13.6%,32.7%, and 42.5% compared with the control(CK), respectively. The application of N 315 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1) could keep N balance in the rice soil studied. The recovery rates of N fertilizer were 27.3%-37.3%.The recovery rate of P fertilizer was about 25%.Application of K_2O 329.3 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1) could not compensated the consume of K from crop absorption, which resulting in decrease in the total K content of the soil,but soil exchangeable K was significantly increased. Continuous application of pig manure improved some soil physical properties such as soil bulk density and soil porosity.