自适应学习的理论与实践

The Theory and Practice of Adaptive Learning

自适应学习是人类获取知识和发展技能的一种重要学习类型,包括归纳学习、解释学习、例中学、做中学等多种学习形式。这种学习类型也支持着"以学生为中心"的教学理念。"条件建构-优化理论"从知识表示、知识获取过程、以及如何促进认知技能的获取三个角度,系统地阐述了人类自适应学习的心理机制。这些理论观点在示例演练教学法和情境探索教学法中得到落实,其效果也在课堂教学和远程学习的实践中得到验证。

Adaptive learning is an important approach for people to acquire knowledge and skills, including a series methods of learning such as inductive learning, explain-based learning, case-based learning and learning by doing, etc. In educational practice, this approach is the basis of student-oriented teaching idea. The theory of 'condition constructing and elaborating' expounds the psychological mechanics, from the aspects of knowledge representation, knowledge acquisition and promoting measures. Two kinds of teaching models, learning from examples and by doing (LFED) and situated-exploring, implemented the viewpoints of this theory, and have been validated in the practice of classroom teaching and distance learning.