慈禧太后嘴中随葬夜明珠的科学研究——材质、命名与来源

NIGHT-SHINING JEWEL IN THE MOUTH OF EMPRESS DOWAGER CIXI:MATERIAL, NOMENCLATURE AND SOURCE

夜明珠是世界若干杰出古老文明中同时存在的一个自然、历史和文化之谜。基于王春云在对这一世界性科学难题的首次全面破解方面所取得的一系列研究进展 ,以及对现有关于慈禧太后陵墓及其被盗的历史记载资料的科学分析和重新解释 ,研究认为 ,随葬于慈禧太后嘴中的夜明珠是一块具有近似球形形态、称重约 787.2 8克拉的金刚石原石 ,其 1980年当时 1,0 80万两白银的估价约相当于现在 8.1亿元人民币现值。这一结果本身再一次确证关于矿物夜光与磷光无关而夜明珠非大颗粒金刚石原石莫属的学术观点是正确的。由于这一科学发现属于国际科学史上的首次 ,笔者依照国际科学命名惯例将这颗金刚石命名为“国英 (中国之星 )”[“Guoying (Star of China)”]。本研究并为一举破解“王含珠”(“王含珠”或者“饭块珠”)材质这一中国历史文化千古之谜作出了重要启示 ,指出 ,至少就清朝皇室丧葬制度所及的“王含珠”(“口含珠”或者“饭块珠”) ,其材质应该全部是大颗粒金刚石。照此逻辑 ,慈禧太后随葬珠冠上三颗饭块珠也都是大颗粒金刚石 ,其中最大的一颗、在清代称重四两、约当现在 737.5克拉的大块金刚石也被作者依照国际科学命名惯例特别命名为“华夏之星”[“Star of Cathay”],其 190 8年当时 1,0 0 0万两白银的估价?

Based on recent progresses made toward unraveling the mystery surrounding night-shining jewel,one of the most perplexing natural,historical and cultural conundrums in several major civilizations in the world and a scientific analysis about historical data available at the time,it is concluded that the mouth jewel is a large white diamond rough of nearly spherical shape and weighing approximately 787.28 carats,which can thus be named “Guoying (Star of China)”.Additionally,this study presents a very important inspiration toward the ultimate raveling of the eternal historical and cultural conundrum in China surrounding mouth jewel (hanzhu,rice clump-like jewel or fankuaizhu),and points out that as far as the mouth jewels referred to in the Royal Qing burial records are concerned,they all refer to large diamonds.Based on a historical study,it can be concluded that the Guoying (Star of China) jewel virtually originated from the Mugul Empire and is actually the long-lost Great Mugul diamond named by the Mugul emperor Shah Jahan,while the one described by Tavernier in 1665 as weighing 280 carats,being rose cut and of fine water,long held as “Great Mugul” but being lost for more than 300 years is simply a substitute,which is renamed “Star of Hindustan” in this paper.