0～5岁低出生体重儿体重、身高纵向观察

A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF GROWTH IN WEIGHT AND HEIGHT OF LOW-BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS FROM 0-5 YEARS

纵向随访211例低出生体重儿自出生至5岁。按胎龄和出生体重分为早产和足月小样儿,并与正常出生体重儿比较。低出生体重儿的体重和身高始终低于对照儿。足月小样儿的出生体重和身长大于早产儿,但以后均被早产儿赶上。头3个月的体重增长速度以对照儿最大,足月小样儿最小,3～9个月则以早产儿最大,足月小样儿最小,此后三者相似。第一年末早产儿、足月小样儿和对照儿的体重分别是出生体重的4.1、3.8和3.0倍。身高速度也和体重相似,故认为低出生体重儿的关键年龄是出生后第一年。

211 infants (male 95, female 116) with an average birth weight of 2204g (1200-2 496 g) and gestational ages of 30-42 weeks were studied longitudinally. They were divided into two groups: 1.preterm infants(103 cases), gestation <37 weeks 2. small-for-date infants (108 cases), gestation>37 weeks and birth weight <P10 of the normal Shanghai Gestational Weight Standards. An additional group of 72 infants wag acquired as controls. All term infants of control group had birth weighits>3000g. Their weight and height were monitored regularly from birth to 5 years. Both weight and height of the first two groups exceeded P20 of Shanghai Growth Standards, but still fell below those of control infants. Although the birth weight and height of SFD term infants were greater than those of preterm infants at birth, the weights were overtaken by preterm infants between 4-6 months, an d hejght within 18 months. During the first 3 months, the weight gain of control infnats was the most rapid and the SFD term infants gain slowest. Between 3-9 months the weight gain was more rapid in preterm infants,followed by control infants and the SFD i nfnats was again last. Thereafter, the rapidity was about the same. At the end of the first year, the weights of preterm, SFD and control infants were 4.1, 3.8, and 3.0 times of their birth weights respectively. The rapidity in height increase of them followed the same pattern as weight gain. This indicates the key age of growth in low-birth, weight infants is during the first year.