玉米茎腐病菌毒素的初步研究(Ⅰ)

A Preliminary Study on Toxin Produced from Stalk Rot Pathogen in Maize

本文在国际上首次报道了引起玉米茎腐病的禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)可在Richard和小麦粒培养基上产生毒素。培养物经过滤、离心或甲醇浸提,再通过活性炭柱吸附和甲醇洗脱获得毒素晶体。毒素生物活性测定表明:无论是培养滤液还是粗提纯毒素对玉米种子萌发、胚根和胚芽生长有明显的抑制作用,对3叶期幼苗的叶片亦有致萎作用,同时还能使根系发生褐变,与病株根系症状类似。电导测定证明,2×10~3μgg1的粗毒素和培养液都可引起叶片细胞膜损伤。

Fusarium graminearum, a pathogen of stalk rot of corn, could produce a toxin in Richard and wheat grain medium. The crude toxin crystal was obtained from cultures following a series of extractive processes such as filtration, centrifugation or extraction with methanol and absorption chromatography through active carbon column with methanol as eluant. Results from toxin activity bioassay suggested that either culture filtrate or crude toxin crystal could obviously inhibit corn seed germination and growth of radicel and plumule, and also, blight ab- scisic seedling leaves at 3-leaf stage, make roots brown. It was found that crude toxin of 2×10~3 μgg^(-1) or culture filtrate could damage leaf cell membrane according to electric conductivity assay.