中国农业现代化与发展阶段的生态经济分析

Chinese Agricultural Modernization and the Analysis of the Eco-economy at Its Different Developing Stage

本文从“落后”的本质是由于结构不合理造成可利用资源不能充分利用”这一基本认识出发,出发展是结构、功能对应变换过程,是对限制因子的克服与更换过程。文章将农业概括为生态、产品产量、技术与经济四个过程的集合体,四个过程的不同组合成为形形色色的农业并归结为三个发展阶段:初级阶段农业、发展阶段农业和发达阶段农业。每个阶段的农业各具结构、功能、生产函数特点,各有其发展目标和制约因素。通过数学模型的建立,证实发展阶段是客观真实存在的。三个阶段联接构成农业现代化过程。探讨一个区域、一个县(或乡)的农业发展时,应该明确自己属于什么生态经济类型,目前处于那个阶段,才能正确选择目标,有效调整结构。实现农业现代化的调控要以数据(或图解)分析为基础建立模型。

Based on the recognization of that, the essence of the 'backward' is the unra-tional structure which is the cause of unfully utilization the available resources ,the authors pointed out in this paper that development is the changing processes of structure and function ,overcoming and alternating limited factors. Agriculture can be generalized as the body of four processes :ecology,product,yield,technical and economy. The different combination of those four processes forms different kinds of agriculture which can be divided into three developing stages preliminary,developing and developed. At different stages there are different structures , functions , producing function, development goals and limited factors. The joining of those stages constitutes the processes of agricultural modernization. So when focus on agricultural development in a country the eco-economy type and developing stage should be identified,then goals of development can be correctly choiced and structures can be effectively adjusted.