中国商品能源消耗导致的氮氧化物排放量

Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Arising from Commercial Energy Consumption in China

能源消耗导致的NOx 排放是影响环境空气质量及区域酸沉降的重要因素 .根据全国及各省区商品能源消耗与不同经济部门、不同燃料类型NOx 排放因子 ,估算了 90年代中国NOx 排放量 ,详细给出了 1 997年分省、分地区、分行业及分燃料排放清单 ,并绘出了NOx 平均排放强度分布图 .结果表明 ,中国NOx 排放量由 1 990年8 4Mt快速增长到 1 996年的 1 2 0Mt.但与 1 996年NOx 排放峰值相比 ,1 997和 1 998年中国NOx 排放量分别下降了约 0 34Mt和 0 82Mt.中国NOx 排放的燃料、行业及地区分布极不平衡 :大约 3/4的NOx 排放源自煤的燃烧 ;行业分布上 ,NOx 则主要来自于工业 ( 39 5 6% )、电力 ( 36 74 % )和交通运输 ( 1 1 2 2 % ) ;各省区NOx 排放差别很大 ,河北、江苏、辽宁、山东、广东、山西、黑龙江、湖北和河南 9省超过 0 5Mt,而青海、宁夏和海南 3省区小于 0 1Mt.NOx 平均排放强度最大的地区 ( >1 0t·(km2 ·a) - 1)包括上海、天津和北京市 .总体来说 ,中国NOx 排放和污染主要集中在人口密集、经济相对发达的东中部和东南部地区 ,尤其是北京、上海。

According to national and provincial energy consumption and specific NO x emission factors for different sectors and fuel types, NO x emissions resulted from commercial energy consumption in China in 1990's were presented. Specially, NO x emission inventories by provinces, sectors and fuel types in 1997 were developed and discussed. Total NO x emissions increased from 8 4Mt in 1990 to 12 0Mt in 1996. However, compared with the peak value in 1996, NO x emissions in 1997 and 1998 decreased by an amount of 0 34 and 0 82Mt respectively. It can be seen remarkable imbalance of NO x emissions by fuel types, economic sectors and provinces: 3/4 of the totals came from coal burning; sectoral emissions were dominated by industry (39 56%), power (36 74%) and transportation (11 22%); NO x emissions in Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi, Guangdong, Henan ,Heilongjiang and Hubei province exceeded 0 5Mt, while those in Qinghai, Ningxia and Hainan were lower than 0 1Mt. Regions with highest NO x emission intensities (>10t·(km 2·a) -1 ) were Shanghai, Tianjin and Beijing municipality. In sum, NO x emissions and pollution mainly concentrated in the populated and industrialized areas of China: the Eastern Central and Southeastern provinces.