明清时期畜养业结构的变化

Structural Variation of L ivestock Husbandry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

本文主要根据历史文献资料的相关记载对明清时期畜养业结构的变化进行了初步探讨。总体而言 ,无论是在牧区还是在农区 ,牧马业的地位都呈下降趋势 ,而牛、羊、猪及各种家禽的饲养则逐渐走向繁荣 ,其中牛、羊的放牧在北方较为普遍 ,猪及各种家禽的饲养则以南方为盛。明清时期畜养业结构的这种变化与当时社会政治经济形势的变化有密切的关系 ,是各种因素综合作用的结果 。

This essay ,based on historical documents and relevant historical records,preliminarily inquires into the structuralvariationsofthe livestock husbandry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Generally speaking,in both agricultural and pastoral areas,horse farming was dropping butthe husbandry of cattle,sheep,pig and all kinds of domestic fowls were increasing,in which cattle and sheep farming wasrelatively more widespread in the North whliethe husbandry of pig and all kinds of domestic fowls was more prosperous in the South.Such a variation of livestock husbandry was closely related with the change of the political and the economic situations of the society in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Itwas resulted from various kinds of multiple causes in which the change of state- founding policy,the horse raising policy,the market need and the strenthening of trade ties among differentareasof the Ming and Qing Dynastieswerethe leading element