明末清初西部虎患考述

The Calamities of Tigers in Western China between Ming and Qing Dynasty

明末清初 ,我国西部地区自山西、陕西经四川到贵州、广西以及云南等省均发生过程度不等的虎患 ,给人民生命财产造成严重损失。本文认为 ,虎患既与人类过分开垦山地导致自然环境恶化有关 ,又与当时战乱动荡导致社会极度破败有关。康熙中叶以后 ,西部地区虎患日渐减少 ,说明人在改造自然界的过程中征服了老虎 ,但也最终破坏了自然环境。

Between Ming and Qing dynasty, The tiger calamities in varying degrees has taken place frenquently in the west of our country,from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan to Kweichow, Guangxi and Yunnan province, etc. This article argues that the tiger calamities related not only to the environmental deteriorations caused by excessive cultivations, but also to the serious destructions of society caused by war. After the middle of Kang Xi period, the tiger calamities in Western China decreased day and day, and the fact suggested that human beings had conquered tigers as they transforming the nature, while finally, they also destroyed the nature.