分子筛的催化特征及工业应用

THE CATALYTIC CHARACTERISTICS AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR SIEVES

分子筛材料的发展及随之而来的结构和组成的多样性,给分子筛提供了以择形催化为主要特征的多种催化功能。以此为基础评述了分子筛催化剂目前的工业应用并展望未来的可能发展。硅铝分子筛的应用仍在不断发展中。择形功能与金属催化功能或碱催化功能的结合,使一些特定的反应得到选择性的催化。金属硅酸盐分子筛在芳构化和氧化等反应的应用中已取得极大成功。磷铝系列的非沸石分子筛在烯烃异构化、二甲苯异构化、甲醇转化为烯烃、甲烷氧化耦联等多种反应中都表现了高选择性的催化作用。

The development of molecular sieve materials and the accompanied di- versification of their structures and compositions,vest themselves with multiple catalytic functionalities along with the shape-selective catalytic characteristics.Based on that,the com- mercial applications of molecular sieve catalysts is reviewed and its possible development in the near future is highlighted.Progress has been continuously made in the application of alu- minosilicate molecular sieves.The combination of shape selective function with metal cataly- tic function or base catalytic function makes quite a number of reactions being catalyzed with high selectivity.It is a great success to use metallosilicate molecular sieves as catalysts in commercial catalytic oxidation and aromatization processes.Aluminophosphate series non- zeolite molecular sieves demonstrate highly selective catalytic ability in olefin isomerization, xylene isomerization,methanol-olefin conversion,and methane oxidative coupling.