我国溶剂脱沥青技术现状及改进意见

THE CURRENT STATUS OF SOLVENT DEASPHALTING TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA AND FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS

综述了我国溶剂脱沥青装置近年来开发应用的新工艺、新技术和新设备:混合C_4溶剂脱沥青工艺、溶剂增压循环流程、超临界溶剂回收、沉降法两段抽提工艺、轻脱沥青油溶剂临界回收加二效蒸发回收工艺、渣油热加工-脱沥青工艺、渣油超临界抽提工艺,蜂窝式格栅抽提填料、新型磁力传动增压泵、抽提塔底界面计、换热洗涤塔采用矩鞍环填料、沥青加热炉同时加热沥青和轻脱沥青液、扰流子翅片管空气预热器、螺杆泵代替蒸汽泵等;就混合器抽提与抽提塔抽提、预稀释方案的差异、超临界回收及多效蒸发回收与亚临界回收等,对引进技术和国内技术进行了对比分析,并就当前存在的主要问题,如装置负荷低、脱沥青油收率低和能耗、剂耗高等提出了改进建议。

This paper summarized the new technologies and new equipments adopted in solvent deasphalting units in China during recent years, including: mixed C_4 solvent deas- phalting process, pressurized solvent recirculation system, super-critical solvent recovery, two-stage extraction technology, light deasphalted oil critical plus 2-effect evaporation sol- vent recovery, residuum super-critical extraction, comb-type grid packing for extraction, new magnetic pressure pump, interface indicator for extractor bottom, saddle-type packing for heat-exchaning washing, fin air preheater, and using screw pump in the place of steam pump. Some imported technologies are compared with domestic ones, such as: mixer extrac- tion against tower extraction, differences between predilution schemes, super-critical reco- very and multi-effect evaporation recovery vesus subcritical recovery, etc. suggestion for in- creasing the capacity of the unit, increasing the yield of deasphalted oil and reducing the en- ergy consumption are put forward.