地图之喻与科学之真——析约翰·齐曼的科学社会性思想

The Metaphor as Map and The Reality of Science

本文以约翰·齐曼的《真科学》为解读蓝本 ,通过对书中关于科学的比喻———“地图”这一关键概念的分析 ,梳理了齐曼所阐述的科学社会性的基本观点。在这本著作中 ,齐曼认为科学是一种独特的社会建制 ,它既非科学主义的完美神话 ,亦非建构主义的世俗行为。科学知识如同地图 ,虽然作为一种社会产物不能等同于世界本身 ,但为了顺利、有效地展开交流 ,我们依然在认同并坚守着科学共同体的社会性规范———这就是真实的科学 ,即“真科学”。

In his new works, Real Science, Pr. John Ziman compares science to map as the key word. With the metaphor, Ziman demonstrates that science is a peculiar social institution that is of two aspects in its sociality. It is not only socially constructive, but also socially normative. Just like map, science cannot be equal to the objective reality. However, it also can't not be regarded as something constructed casually, because there are powerful norms in the academic fields to ensure the sufficient communication. That is the real nature of science.