西安市小学生个性研究

Study on personality characteristics of students from primary school in Xi'an

目的 了解西安市小学生的个性分布特点 ,为临床制订心理、行为干预措施提供理论依据。 方法 对西安市所属的未央区、莲湖区、新城区、碑林区、雁塔区、霸桥区、高新区 7个区各随机抽取一个学校 ,每个学校抽取四、五、六年级各两个班 (未央区所抽取学校仅存有一个班 ,故除外 ) ,采用龚耀先修订的艾森克个性问卷(EysenckPersonalityQuestionnaire ,EPQ) (儿童用 ) 2 0 0 0份进行发放调查。 结果 西安市小学生EPQ的P、E、N、L维分 ,标分 (T分 )分别为 4 6 .6 0± 9.2 4、4 8.6 2± 12 .35、4 7.74 +10 .4 8、5 1.76± 8.75 ,原始分分别为 3.2 5± 2 .4 7、17.94±4 .12、7.37± 4 .78、14 .70± 4 .97。T分学校间、性别间差异均存在显著意义 (P =0 .0 0 0～ <0 .0 5 )。原始分比较 :10岁～组至 13岁～组P维分、E维常模 ,N维分 11岁～组男女、10岁～组男童、12岁～组和 13岁～组女童均低于常模 ;L维分 11岁～组和 12岁～组男女 ,10岁～组男童均高于常模。不同个性特征人数、发生率统计结果为 :内向稳定、内向不稳定、外向稳定、外向不稳定性别间、学校间差异均存在显著意义 (P =0 .0 0 1～ 0 .0 2 5 ) ;中间型性别间差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;学校间差异存在显著意义 (P =0 .0 0 2 )。

Objective] To provide the theoretical evidences for the clinical psychotherapy and behavior modification by understand the personality characteristics of the pupils in Xi an City. [Methods] Each school took out two classes from grade four to six,which was from seven difierent sections of Xi,an,2000 pupils were chosen randomly to complete Eysenck Personality questionnaire (EPQ) for children. [Results] The standard points of P、E、N、L dimensions were 46.60±9.24、48.62±12.35、47.74± 10.48 and 51.76±8.75 respectively,the original points were 3.25±2.47、17.94±4.12、7.37±4.78 and 14.70±4.97.The original points of groups aged 10～to 13～were lower than the national normalizations in P and E dimensions,but the original points of bog groups aged 10～and both gender groups aged 11～and 12～were lower than the national normalizations in T dimension.There were significant differences between genders and schools in steady introversion type,unsteady introversion type,steady extroversion type and unsteady extroversion type(P=0.001～0.025):there was significant difference between schools in intermediate type(P=0.002),but there was on differences between grades.The incidences of unsteady extroversion type and unsteady introversion type were 6.7% and 4.1%. [Conclusion] Personality characteristics of students from primary school in Xi'an city is developing health basically.The incidences of unsteady extroversion type and unsteady introversion type(6.7% and 4.1%)are lower.The boy had unsteady introversion more.So the teachers and parents should provide a good family tradition and social environment,and keep hopeful in sentiments,avoid a unhelpful influence to children,bring about a positive developments of personalities.