后马克思主义:概念的谱系学及其语境(上)

Post-Marxism:The Genealogy of concept and its context

后马克思主义这一术语早在20世纪50年代末就已出现于波兰尼的后批判哲学语境中。到60年代,在麦克弗森的后自由主义的民主展望中,后马克思主义概念获得了后继性使用。70年代初期,贝尔在其后工业社会的理论背景下对后马克思主义概念进行了初步的描述。70年代后期,东欧国家以科拉柯夫斯基为代表的一批新马克思主义者纷纷转向后马克思主义的理论立场。80年代初,阿兰·图雷纳从社会运动和行为理论的视域着力构筑一种后马克思主义的分析方式,而琼·柯亨则通过对马克思的市民社会概念的批判性解读提出了后马克思主义分层理论构想。这充分表明,在1985年拉克劳与莫菲宣称自己的理论规划属于后马克思主义之前,后马克思主义这一概念早已在西方学术界的一定范围内使用和流传了。可以说,后马克思主义这一术语在不同的理论论域中自有其复杂的"经验史",而后马克思主义话语也是一个历史性的缓慢沉积过程。尽管后马克思主义概念的各种运用在政治情境性及学术范围上不尽相同,其表义上也有诸多差异,然而,但作为一个共同的指符,后马克思主义这一术语在光怪陆离的运用中,毕竟有着一定的意义关联和某种共同指向;在营造后马克思主义的学术氛围及形成后马克思主义的问题城方面,这些运用和理论阐发自有其独特的话语价值。

The term of post-Marxism had emerged in Polanyi's post-critical philosophical contex in the late 1950s. In Mcpherson's prospect of post-liberal-democracy in 1960s, the concept of post-Marxism obtained in successive use. In the early 1970s,Bell preliminarily described the concept of post-Marxism on the theoretical background of post-industrial society. In the late 1970s,numbers of neo-Marxsts that Kolakowski typified in Eastern Europe one after another turned towards post-Marxist theoretical position. In the early 1980s, Alain Touraine strive to construct the analytical mode of post-Marxism on the perspective of social movement and action theory; Jean Cohen has proposed the stratification theory of post-Marxism throuth critical reading Marx's concept of civil society. These fully indicate that before Laclau and Mouffe claimed their theoretical project situated in post-Marxist terrain, the concept of post-Marxism had early used and prevailed in certain sphere of western academic circles.