小麦小花穗位及发育进度对小麦×玉米单倍体胚诱导率的影响

Effects of Wheat Floret Position and Development Status on Haploid Embryo Rate of Wheat × Maize Crosses

为了提高小麦×玉米的单倍体胚诱导频率,以玉米品种"白甜糯"和4个小麦品系为材料,研究了小麦不同穗位、不同发育进度的小花对小麦×玉米单倍体胚诱导频率的影响。结果表明,授粉时小麦小花的发育进度对颖果结实率和单倍体胚诱导率有明显影响,单倍体胚诱导率以处于盛花期的小花最高(平均为22.3％),初花期次之(16.4％),始花期最低(11.3％);在同一个穗子中,中、上部,小花的单倍体胚诱导率(24.2％、26.8％)显著高于下部小花(18.5％),说明在小花柱头发育较成熟时授粉,有利于提高单倍体胚诱导率。研究结果还表明,主穗小花的单倍体胚诱导率与次生分蘖穗间差异不显著。

In order to raise the rate of haploid embryo in wheat X maize, different position and development status of wheat florets were chosen to study their difference in haploid embryo rates. Results showed that the development status of florets in pollinating did have significant effect on caryopsis and embryo rates, florets in blossoming stage produced the highest embryo rate with a average of 22. 3% , next were ones in early and initial flowering stage, with 16. 4% and 11. 3%, respectively; and at the same spike, the embryo rates of florets from middle and upper parts (24. 2% and 26. 8%) were significantly higher than that from lower part (18. 5%), which indicated that pollinating when the stigma of floret was in better maturity was helpful to increase the embryo rate. Considering one plant, no obvious difference was observed between main stem and subsidiary tiller spikes in rate of haploid embryo, which meant all tiller spikes could be used to produce haploid wheat.