中国文学中的“乌托邦”理想

The Utopia Ideal of Chinese Literature

中国文学中的“乌托邦”理想,不仅源远流长,而且丰富多彩,其共同特点,一是站在社会现实的对立面,从与社会现状相反的方向去构想,表现出鲜明的对社会现实不满的情绪。其二,这些理想中的社会,不是从国家的政治法律、行政组织等方面去设想,而是与之相反,是没有王治的“无为”世界,那里没有战争、没有剥削、没有压迫,追求一种自然无为、和平安逸、自得其乐的生活方式。其三,这些理想的设计,皆重在道德的建树,而且是以鲜明的复古思想为指导,提倡远古的道德文明,追求返朴归真的原始状态。

In the dissertation, the author defines three characteristics to the ideal of Utopia, which has so long a history and so complicacy of its meaning in Chinese literature. Firstly, the ideal of Utopia originates from and constitutes of the idea of anti-society, which includes much unsatisfied emotion to the social situation at its time. Secondly, what the ideal of Utopia truly cares about is not to design politics, laws and administrative system of the country but to look for a terrestrial Paradise without any rein and violence. In other words, the deal of Utopia means a life style full of inaction, peace and pleasure. Thirdly, the ideal of Utopia follows the inherent way of Reactionism and wants to make people return to the nature of human being. In a word, it is an un-operational ideal of intrinsic morality.